以下実行例と関連stack overflowのみ記載。エラーが出た場合はBigQueryクエリリファレンスで確認すれば大概やりたいことをする関数と具体例が見つかります。
コード
SELECT joined_table.*, third_table.* . FROM ( SELECT first_table.*, second_table.* FROM ( SELECT * FROM [bigquery:table_name] WHERE YEAR(date) = 1998 ) as first_table JOIN ( SELECT * FROM [bigquery:table_name] WHERE YEAR(date) = 1998 ) as second_table ON first_table.id = second_table.id WHERE YEAR(date) = 1998 ) as joined_table JOIN ( SELECT * , date, detail_information FROM [bigquery:table_name] WHERE ... ) as third_table ON first_table.id = third_table.id WHERE third_table.name = 'YAMADA' LIMIT 1000